A fossil is an outline of a plant or animal that lived long ago. A fossil helps us learn about past life on Earth. Scientists study fossils to find what life forms lived at different times during Earth’s past. A fossil can give clues to how life on Earth has changed.
Most fossils are found in sedimentary rock layers. Conditions must be just right for a fossil. When a plant or animal dies, it must be quickly buried in sand or mud. Fossils are rare in igneous or metamorphic rocks. The heat and pressure that forms these types of rocks would destroy a fossil.
Limestone is a sedimentary rock that is rich in fossils. If you look closely at a limestone floor or wall, you might see imprints of leaves, shells or bones. Chalk is a type of limestone. It is formed from the shells of tiny sea animals. England’s famous white cliffs of Dover are mostly chalk. In parts of France, there are chalk caves underground. Wine makers use these caves to store Champagne.
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